Nadia Diaz Essays (337 words) - Human Behavior, Conformity

Nadia Diaz Professor Brian Harris PSYC/SOC 103 28 August 2017 Definition Analysis Groupthink- the mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive ingroup that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. My Def: Deciding as a group instead of as an individual Ex: Being with a group of friends and deciding on one thing to eat, Group projects Conformity- Can be defined as a change in a person's behavior or opinion because of real or imagined pressure from a person or group of people. My def: A person's behavior changing based of an event, image, or a group of people Ex: Your behavior changing because of something you read on the internet or because someone said something foul to you Compliance- the behavior of a person who is motivated by a desire to gain reward or avoid punishment. My def: Your behavior based off the desire to gain/receive a reward for your actions Ex: Doing a favor for someone because you'll receive a reward for your actions Identification- a response to social influence about by an individual's desire to be like the influencer. My def: Ex: Your desire to dress and be like your favorite movie star, someone you look up to Internalization- a value or belief is the most permanent, most deeply rooted response to social influence. My def: Your beliefs and values all come from social influences in your life Ex: Your belief in a certain god came from social influences in your family Secondary gain-permanence can also result if, while, complying, we discover something about our actions, or about the consequences of our actions, that makes it worthwhile to continue the behavior even after the original reason for compliance is no longer forthcoming. My def: Your choice of actions that makes it beneficial to continue the behavior Ex: Seeking out at night and not getting caught for your choice of actions

Love Your Servitude essays

Love Your Servitude essays Pharmacologists are producing a great many wonder drugs where the cure is almost worse than the disease. Every year a new edition of medical text books contains a longer and longer chapter on what are called iatrogenic diseases, that is to say, diseases caused by doctors. Aldous Huxley, from his speech, "The Ultimate Revolution," 1962 The headline and epigraph are gleaned from both the printed and spoken words of Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World. While Huxley's novel was a seminal work within the futuristic genre (all the more startling because it was written in 1932), his comment about the downsides of the coming pharmacological deluge may have had a double edge given he was also a proponent of population control. In the speech he gave at Berkeley 40 years ago, Huxley also warned: Many of the wonder drugs are extremely dangerous. They can produce extraordinary effects in critical conditions-they should certainly be used-but they should be used with the utmost caution. Therefore, today, shouldn't we be asking ourselves: Have pharmaceuticals been used with the utmost caution? Have they been used too often? Are they safe? Are you aware, for instance, that the monetary and driving force behind Bayer, the maker of aspirin, Cipro (the supposed anthrax silver bullet), the infamous Baycol, and so much more has been the Rockefellers, who also are deep into population control, as in depopulation? Rockefeller's Standard Oil was half owner of Bayer, a subdivision of I.G. Farben-the most nefarious corporation in Hitler's war machine. So vital was the industrial giant to the Nazi cause that General Eisenhower's post-war investigative committee concluded: Without I.G.s immense productive facilities, its far-reaching research, varied technical experience and overall concentration of economic power, Germany would not have been in the position to start its aggressive war in September 1939. I.G. ...

Risk Management and Banking Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Management and Banking Crisis - Essay Example The Banks & Financial Institutions avail the benefits of higher interest rates by lending to Sub-Prime customers but expose the capital to higher risks. The Banks used a mechanism of distributing the risk of the lending to the investors outside the Banking system through a process called "Securitization" (A phenomenon that occurred in the booming Credit Derivative Market). This phenomenon occurred extensively in the US Sub-Prime Mortgage Market that helped the banks to increase the number of risky products but still reduce the liabilities on their balance sheets (apparently!!) because the money is flowing through so called "conduits" from investors to the borrowers. As per experts the primary drawbacks have been imperfections in the Credit Markets given poor valuation of assets acquired against the credit instruments thus resulting in uncertain asset valuation & high credit risk exposure. Even the rating agencies couldn't predict the Sub-Prime crisis through their valuations because the securitization process was too complex and the Bank's risk assessment was inadequate in screening the borrowers and informing the investors about the risks in the securitized products. The system became so huge that the root of the risks was completely covered by hyped data and analytics about the new credit instruments. [Schmitz, Michael. C and Forray, Susan J. pp28-30; Clerc, Laurent. 2008. pp1-4] In this paper, the process of Credit & Liquidity risk measurement by the Banks is presented with a discussion on how they have contributed to the overall Financial Crisis faced by the world. A brief on Credit and Liquidity Risk Management practiced by Banks Every bank has a native underwriting process to support the "Credit Approval System" for evaluation of credit risk resulting from a possible exposure when scrutinizing a loan application. As per Basel Capital Accord (Basel-II), the primary parameters that are assessed during scrutiny of a loan application are: Probability of Default (PD), Loss Given Default (LGD), Exposure at Default (EAD) and Maturity

FSAs Role towards the Collapse of Global Financial Services Industry Essay

FSAs Role towards the Collapse of Global Financial Services Industry - Essay Example It resulted in the failure of the key businesses, downturn in the economic activity directing to the 2008-12 global recessions and the decline in the consumer wealth. During this period economies globally slowed, as international trade declined and credit tightened. The explanation of the financial crisis is that hasty loans in the form of mortgages were made to people who do not have any possibility of paying them back. These loans were enclosed up into exotic financial products that were specified with high ratings by credit rating agencies, and were sold to investors thus looking for high yields at low risk. When default on the mortgages began to grow in large numbers, it led to unexpected losses on the products. A chain of bankruptcies, government providing emergency credit lines, balance sheet write downs, insurance and nationalisation of several institutions followed. Investors were inattentive in their understanding of what they were actually purchasing and sub-prime borrowers were insincere in taking out loans that they should have known they could not finally meet the repayments on. The crash reveals a quick drying up of liquidity following a huge expansion in credit issued to consumers and financial institutions in a number of countries. The investors have suffered harsh experiences with currency attacks and collapses, thereby negatively affecting the balance sheet of their financial institutions and corporations due to high degree of liability dollarization, therefore deepening the crisis further. Enormously disruptive to economic development and growth, in emerging market economies, these experiences have made policy makers aware of the massive cost that they have to bear by participating in the financial globalization process. By the middle of 2007, over dependence on market forces without proper regulatory systems and mechanisms in place to govern the globalization process led to emergence of huge cracks intimidating the stability of world economy on the two fronts: global financial crisis and the sharp increase of the primary commodity prices. The commodities have registered a sharp rise in prices in 2007, with extreme volatility. The increased prices of commodity hit the world when most Western economies were making effort to get away from recession and a sharp economic downturn amidst the credit crunch that had engrossed the financial institution and markets in the Western Europe and United States. There was a huge fear that the on-going financial crisis may turn into global depression of the 21st century. However, Central banks and governments responded with monetary policy expansion, unprecedented fiscal stimulus and institutional bailouts. Having lost room for additional interest rate cuts like a monetary policy instrument, most of the Central banks have engaged in hostile quantitative easing, through purchasing commercial securities and government bonds and generating an asset in the central bank account against which bank lending can be continued. By increasing money supply through this channel, it is expected to re-establish confidence in financial markets and institutions and unlock frozen credit lines. This paper will focus on the role of UK Financial Services Authority (FSA) for the reform of financial markets in the UK. It will lead to the build-up of the UK economy and the international economy. Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on UK Economy The effect of the financial crisis is on both the commercial and residential property markets in the UK. Over the first half of 2008, the economic activity in the UK had slowed down, thereby reaching at decline stage by the end of second quarter. Initially the government investment has provided some stimulus but

Disruptive Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Disruptive Technologies - Essay Example Perhaps the most ancient material for writing devised by man was the clay tablet. The Sumerians and the inhabitants of Babylonians were the first ones to use clay tablets. These were basically square shaped flat bricks of clay that were inscribed by writing while they were wet. (â€Å"Britannica†, n.d.). People by that time had devised a form of written language through symbols. These were obviously written symbols, and were engraved on wet clay bricks or tablets which were then baked in the sun and preserved. They used a devise called ‘stylus’ for imprinting the symbols in clay. The most logical problem with clay tablets was their size and breaking risk. Therefore, the people came up with something that met what they needed, which was the scrolls. The scrolls were made from a form of parchment, papyrus, or paper. These were actually small pieces of parchment attached to one another by some form of glue to form a long writing space. These were kept all rolled up in form of scrolls. In a scroll, The scrolls were found in Europe and western side of Asia. These were used by inhabitants of Egypt who used Arabic language that is written from right to left and were later adopted by other civilizations who wrote from left to right. Even in the current date, scrolls are used by Jews in their religious ceremonies. Even though many people liked the usage of the scrolls, yet, they were looking for something smaller, lighter and flexible to be used. Therefore, they came up with the codex. Codex, according to Wikipedia is: Romans were the pioneers in codex. Codex was definitely superior to scrolls. It was much easier to handle as compared to scrolls. Codex made it possible for the reader to read while holding the pages almost spread out flat in front of him. With the spread of codex, scrolls became almost obsolete. The modern form of codex is the book in print as the modern world knows it. Printed books are still popular. Initially, all pages of a

Should Sex Education Be Taught In Schools Religion Essay

Should Sex Education Be Taught In Schools Religion Essay Sex education has widely become an important issue to be discussed not only in the homes but also in schools. The teaching of sex education in school can be considered as a positive step in ensuring that the young adults get necessary moral tools which will enable them survive in an environment heavily corrupted by media advertisements and obscene content. Good morals results to healthy sexual behaviors and avoidance of diseases (Oakley et al, 1995). Religion can as well play a major role in preaching abstinence which is one of the laws taught in the church. In the paper, various reasons why sexual education should be taught in schools will be discussed and the role of religion in the participation in providing sex education will be recognized. Sex education refers to the knowledge about sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, contraceptives and other issues relating to human sexual behavior (Oakley et al, 1995). In the United States, there have been several debates as to whether sex education should be taught in schools or not. A small percentage of the entire American population say that that sex education should never be taught in schools while most of the Americans agree that sex education is as essential as any other type of education in the schools. Sex education is encouraged to be taught in schools rather than teenagers relying on their parents. This is because in schools teens will have a perception to sex education as any normal class work that they are supposed to be tested on. However, in the case of sex education being provided at home, teens will barely take it serious since they have the believe that it is not really mandatory. Sex education in schools is the best idea in consideration to sex education from the parents to the children. Sex education is seen to have a vital impact in the teenagers, in diverse ways. This is the main idea behind parents wanting sex education taught in schools. Its at the teenage years that teens start introducing themselves to the concept of sex; it was therefore advised that it could be better if they are given the guidance of an elderly person. This resulted to sex education in schools. Fewer than half of all 9-12th grade students report having had sexual intercourse, reflecting a decline during the last decade from 53 percent in 1993 to 47 percent in 2003 (U.S. Teen Sexual Activity, 2005). It is evident that teenagers tend to be sensitive and curious about their sexuality and the same applies to their sexual being. This initiates them to go on their own adventures to try most of the things they see on television or watch on the internet. Such teens may find themselves engaging in sexual activities, trying to uncover the mysteries of their bodies. They often do this without understanding the consequences involved such as the unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sex addictions among many others. Sex education is a crucial component in the health and moral growth among teenagers. It is crystal clear that youngsters derive information on sex and related subjects from friends, books, movies, internet, magazines and even television. The problem is that these sources may lack information on how to go about the issues in sex. As such, sex education will help in transferring genuine information from experienced teachers and in the process also correct any misinformation that they may have (Oakley et al, 1995). This is the importance of sex education. Another importance of sex education to school students and teenagers in general is that sex education imparted through schools can prove to be a significant and effective method of avoiding premarital sex related perceptions, attitudes and behavior. This is so unlike in the case where parents are educating their children about sex. The teenagers will come to understand the rationale of being told to abstain by their parents. They will then appreciate advice from their seniors. Sex education in schools is encouraged because parents and guardians may shy to teach and talk about sex with their children. Teenagers therefore cannot rely on their parents for sex education, they themselves cant stand to share freely with their parents and ask questions and answer what they are asked. This is because of the fear they have for their parents, and the respect they hold for them. Such a discussion that is not free will not be effectively put in place as expected. The Kaiser Family Foundation and Harvards Kennedy School of Government finds that only 7 percent of Americans say sex education should not be taught in schools (Sex Education in America, 2004). Educating children and school students on sex related issues also requires one to know how to approach the subject, what information to pass on and what to hold back; most of the time this is guided by the level of study of the audiences. For instance, a kindergarten student would be unfit for issues of emotional relations, of the effects of sexual misbehavior. All this can be carefully handled by a trained sex educator, who understands well what is fit for who. This explains the necessity for sex education in schools (Oakley et al, 1995). It is evident that many teenagers are engaging in premarital sex. This calls for the need of sex education in schools, to educate and make the teenagers understand the repercussions of premarital sex. Sex education will help them make better and informed decisions about their personal activities. Many have argued that sex education also helps to reduce risky behaviors in teenagers for instance, engaging in premarital unprotected sex which results in unwanted pregnancies and STDs (Oakley et al, 1995). A plurality (46 percent) believes that the most appropriate approach is one that might be called abstinence-plus that while abstinence is best, some teens do not abstain, so schools also should teach about condoms and contraception (Sex Education in America, 2004). Religion also has plays a vital role in the sex education for teenagers. The basic idea here is that the religious groups emphasize on abstinence than anything else. An abstinence based approach to sex education focuses on teaching the teenagers that abstaining from sex until marriage is the best mean of ensuring that they avoid infection with HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies, as well as seeing abstinence from sex as the best option for maintaining sexual health (Abstinence and sex education, 2010). Many supporters of abstinence based approaches to sex education believe that it is morally wrong for people to engage in premarital sex (Abstinence and sex education, 2010) Although not all abstinence programs are similar, they share the essential purpose of teaching the social, psychological, and health gains to be realized by abstaining from sexual activity. As such, abstinence education tends to include a mutual faithful, monogamous relationship in the context of marriage. Further still, abstinence from sexual activity outside marriage is the expected standard for all school age children (Abstinence and sex education, 2010). Students should be made to understand that abstinence from sexual activity is the only certain way to avoid out-of-wedlock pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and other associated health tribulations (Abstinence and sex education, 2010). In conclusion, my personal opinion is that sex education should be taught in schools as well as at home. There are some things that as a student I would not want to ask my mom or dad because it would just be awkward and may put them and me in an awkward situation. Teaching sex in school would answer those questions and allow the student to not feel intimidated. Also, as a Christian person I believe that abstinence should be taught in schools. Just imagine being able to tell your spouse when you get married that you have waited your whole life for them and really mean. Abstinence also teaches self discipline to someone because no matter what temptations you have you have the power to not give in. Also, with abstinence a student will not have to worry about if the girl is pregnant because she missed her period. You know she cannot be pregnant because you did not have intercourse. I have chosen to remain abstinent till marriage because I promised my mom and dad I would and made a person al commitment to Jesus that I would. Also, I chose to remain abstinent because I want to and I dont have to worry about any sexual transmitted diseases.

Change Management Essay -- Change Changing Essays

Change Management "Toto, I’ve got a feeling that we’re not in Kansas any more." Dorothy, Wizard of Oz Over the past few decades, large-scale organizational change has become a way of life in American business. Many organizational changes, however, have failed to deliver promises of increased productivity and morale, decreased costs, decreased waste , and increased customer satisfaction. A common theme among these failures is a lack of understanding of the power of the collective human system to obstruct the progress of initiatives. The result has been to reinforce fear, defensiveness, and cynicism among workers toward change efforts (Dooley, 1998). Failure of an organizational change for businesses has both short term and long term consequences. Direct short term implications to a failure of an effective organizational change means that objectives are not achieved and resources, including money, time and people, are wasted. Indirectly, morale suffers, job security is threatened and confidence in leadership diminishes. Over the long haul, a failure of change means that business strategies are not accomplished, resistance to change increases and the organization’s survival is threatened (Wakulczyk, 1995). It is normal for people to feel resistant to change and today’s new technology, new tools, and new applications mean big change. Not everyone reacts to change the same way. Some people are always looking for better, more efficient ways of doing things. Others long for the good old days of clearly defined jobs and responsibilities. Some people want to get moving with whatever is new right away. Still others fight any change that conflicts in any way with their values or threatens the welfare of anyone around th... ... have it. Courtesy is even better. A well-paid compliment can buy gratitude. A sincere "Thank you" can earn respect. References Department of Defense ( ___ ). Business Process Reengineering and Organizational Change. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Fundamentals. Available www.dtic.mil/c3i/bprcd/7223c7.htm Dooley, Jeff (1998). A Whole-Person/Systemic Approach to Organization Change Management. Available www.well.com/user/dooley/change.pdf Kramlinger, Tom (1998). How to deliver a change message. Training & Development, 52 (4), pp. 44-47. Wakulczyk, Marek (1995). Change Management. Presentation to 9 Wing Canadian Forces Base, Gander, Newfoundland. Available www.smallbear.com/chngemgt/index.htm Wasson, Teresa (1996). Pensacola editor shares tips on managing change. Pensacola News Journal. Available www.gannett.com/go/newswatch/96/nw0407-2.htm

Old ways

Net, wife. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But if you want to learn It will surely take time to do so. We can't literally blame people who invented this kind of entertainment since their objective is for the great and easy way of work. It is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to it. We must have control. Like as If the government will control our time usage In vile. (repeat) Studying is not that hard, we just need to go back were there's no Net, win.Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But if you want to learn it will surely entertainment since their objective Is for the great and easy way of work. It is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to It. We must have control. Like as if the government will control our time usage in wife. Studying is not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, wife. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But if you want to lear n it will surely take time to do so.We can't eternally blame people who invented this kind of entertainment since their objective Is for the great and easy way of work. It is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to it. We must have control. Like as if the government will control our time usage in wife. Studying is not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, will. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But If you want to learn it will surely take time to do so. We can't literally blame people who invented this kind of entertainment since their objective is for the great and easy way of work.It is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to it. We must have control. Like as If the government will control our time usage In will. Studying Is not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, will. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But if you want to learn it will surely take time to do so. We can't literally blame people who invented this kind of entertainment since their objective is for the great and easy way of work. It Is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to It.We must have control. Like as If the government will control our time usage in wife. Studying is not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, wife. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But if you want to learn It will surely take time to do so. We can't literally blame people who Invented this kind of entertainment since their bob]active Is for the great and easy way of work. It is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to it. We must have control. Like as if the government will control our time usage In wife.Studying is not that hard, we just need to go back were there's no Net, will. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But If you want to learn it will surely take time to do so. We c an't literally blame people who invented not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, will. Studying old ways are 1 OFF their objective is for the great and easy way of work. It is us the people who take advantage or maybe lazy or get addicted to it. We must have control. Like as if the to go back were there's no Net, wife.Studying old ways are more effective but time misusing. But if you want to learn it will surely take time to do so. We can't literally blame people who invented this kind of entertainment since their objective is for the time usage in wife. Studying is not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, wife. Studying old ways are more effective but time consuming. But if you want to have control. Like as if the government will control our time usage in wife. Studying is not that hard, we Just need to go back were there's no Net, wife. Studying old ways are time usage in wife.

Hospitality Essay

From a food and beverage manager’s perspective – Why is managing the diversity of an international food and beverage operation so important? Discuss this by using a system, or process, or method and/ or technique In the hospitality industry, managing the diversity of international food and beverage operation which is important from a food and beverage manager’s perspective can improve the quality of the hospitality services, reduce high turnover in hospitality management and make more profit from the food and beverage operation. Hospitality workforce is consisted of diverse population and visible and non-visible differences which are included gender, age, background, culture, religion, race, disability, personality, and work style. According to this, the establishment of processing food and beverage operations is able to effectively manage people who work in hospitality workplace. And also, the hospitality education and training can provide hospitality worker an opportunity that improve themselves and understand the diverse workforce. Jones (as cited in Igram, 1999) indicated that â€Å"operations concern the way that organizations deliver their product/ service to the consumer† (p. 142). This is the key of concerning for the effective practice hospitality. Johnston (as cited in Igram, 1999) indicated that the operations could be divided into three activities; customer processing operations, information processing operations and product processing operations. As manager must understand these three activities which reflect employees how they plan and control the processing operation. Thus, effective hospitality operations must incorporate planning with technology and people management. Furthermore, Mullins (as cited in Igram, 1999) pointed that hospitality operations are heterogeneous group, but they share a number of common characteristics. For example, there are a wide range of skilled staff required, but there are also high numbers unskilled staff needed; most employees are from different countries, they have different background and use English as second language; there is a large proportion of female, part time, casual staff. Due to this situation, the labour mobility and turnover are high. Thus, managing diversity in food and beverage operation must need a perfect system or an improved method as foundation. Systematic in the  design, planning and control of a food and beverage operation must be concerned by international food and beverage manager. And also, management of the operation systems within a food and beverage operation must be considered by international food and beverage manager. What benefits will be brought into international food and beverage operation by understanding the systems? To sum up, there are three benefits. Firstly, control of resources which is implemented the systems inputs aim to reduc e wastage. Secondly, efficient and effective operation can perfect international food and beverage services by using systems processes. Finally, the systems outputs assure what goal the hospitality organization can achieve. The hospitality education and training can provide hospitality worker an opportunity that improve themselves and understand the diverse workforce. The hospitality education and training are the techniques which can complement the international food and beverage management. Lynch (as cited in Robinson, 2005) pointed that† business management foci currently in vogue with hospitality and food and beverage operations education and practice† (p. 70). In other words, in order to provide effective services to consumer, the hospitality organization will implement the food and beverage operations education and practice to guide and develop skilled and high standard staff. Ingram (1999) indicated that â€Å"effective academic abilities (including abstraction, attention to detail, â€Å"hair splitting†) are not always found in conjunction with personal organization skills (such as planning, delegation, prioritizing tasks)† (p. 146). Thus, the academic education impleme nted in hospitality organization can incorporate to the international food and beverage operations with staff. 2 From a food and beverage manager’s perspective – What are the important thing to consider when planning, designing and allocating space for storage, preparation, production and service for a food and beverage operation. From a food and beverage manager’s perspective, the design and plan of a food service facility effect on the attraction from customers and on productivity of employees, and also on making profit from hospitality business. If facilities are poorly designed, customers will be inconvenienced and food  services are inefficient. If a manager wants to perfect a food service, he/she must consider what requirements are needed when planning, designing and allocating space for storage, preparation, production and service for a food and beverage operation. The considerations will be the market and operational needs, the food production areas and equipment, sustainability and hygiene and health issue. As described above, first of all, as the operational needs, food service facility design will be the first consideration in planning space for food and beverage operation. The better food service facilities design will appeal to customers and employees when manager plans space for production and service. Rodgers (2005) indicated that â€Å"food service facility design is based on the principles of space efficiency, flexibility, product flow, food safety (sanitation) and ergonomics† (p. 308). In other words, an effective food service facility design can provide safe workplace for staff and set up an environment for efficient operation flow of people and product. The facility can make employees work efficiently so that the organization can reduce the labour costs. Furthermore, the costs on facility maintenance are low. Finally, the maximum profit is gained from investment. Secondly, manager must consider the food production areas and equipment. An efficient workflow established can create a tight, smooth and productive food service operation. Afterwards, an adequate work space and suitable work sections are required to provide to employees. For example, kitchen space sometimes will be minimized in order to make more room for customers. That lead to the kitchen space is limited. The quantities of food can be supplied, however, the narrow kitchen design cannot provide employees enough room so that the food service will be delayed which dissatisfied the customers. Another thing that manager must consider is the kitchen layouts. Ninemeier (2010) indicated that â€Å"work flow-the traffic patterns employees form as they go about their work-is another factor that muse be considered† (p. 5). Different kitchen activities must be done in individual work stations. For example, as the figure below, it is a bakery kitchen. Different number stands different stations. Employees can follow the work flow step by step to prepare food. As we can see from the figure, the food  preparation space must be divided into specific areas. The station 2-5 are the places which are for food preparation and storage. The station 1 and station 6 are used for washing and waste disposal. Due to this kitchen layout design, the food contamination will decrease and the food storage time can extend. As a food and beverage manager must consider of the food contamination. Figure 1 kitchen layout (Source: Ninemeier, D. J. 2010) References list Ingram, H. (1999). Hospitality: a framework for a millennial review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(4), 140-147. Ninemeier, D. J. (2010) Management of Food and Beverage Operations (2nd ed.). American: American Hotel & Lodging Educational Foundation. Robinson, R. S. (2007). Plain Fare to Fusion: Ethnic Impacts on the Process of Maturity in Brisbane’s Restaurant Sector. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 14(1), 70-84. Rogers, S. (2005). Applied research and educational needs in food service management. International Journal of contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(4), 302-314.

xerox bit essays

xerox bit essays 1. What value does BIT create in the distribution value chain for books? Book-In-Time is a digital low-cost, order-to-fulfillment system for the on-demand printing of books. Xeroxs unique technology had been optimized for custom lengths of as low as one but could economically handle up to 1,200 or more. At run lengths of less than 25 books, other printing methods would have to incur a minimum cost of $5,000 or so, whereas Book-In-Time could conceivably deliver at a cost of only $6.90 per book. BIT creates value in the distribution chain in two distinct cost saving ways. First because BIT is a just in time system where publishers can customize the number of book runs they would like to establish. This added flexibility will help reduce the cost of inventory and returned books. According to the case it states that of the publishers selling price 25% of the cost factored in was the cost of books returned. BIT would dramatically reduce or eliminated this cost. Another way BIT creates a cost value in the distribution chain is that it enables books that were out of print or book with low demand to be printed. Before book in time cost per book was a function of print run size. For large run sizes the per unit costs were low because there was a greater quantity of books created, however for short runs the fixed cost were spread over a smaller number of books, raising the per-unit cost. Many publishers were reluctant in publishing low demand books because of the increased cost, however BIT can allow the supplier to match the supply with the demand without sacrificing any cost. The costs benefits from BIT should trickle down the distribution value chain. The cost savings the publisher recognized will then be transferred to the retail chains/wholesalers that purchase the books and then ultimately the customers will benefit from a reduction in price. Also the authors of books with lo ...

Institutional investments- the pension schemes Essay

Institutional investments- the pension schemes - Essay Example 18). These are retirement plans made by insurance companies, the government and other institutions put in place to assist their employers after retirement period. Pension is usually made by the employer’s body in order to enable their employees sustain themselves after retirement as they are not able to be paid their normal salaries after retirement. Through this they will be able to benefit and support themselves. In addition to this, they can be funded by labor unions as well as the government, among other organizations. Pension schemes can be divided into defined-benefit and defined-contribution pension scheme. Differences between Defined-benefit and Defined-contribution Pension Schemes A defined benefit pension scheme is dependent on the final salary of an employee depending on the member’s length of service and based on a fixed formula (Mathis & Jackson 2012, pg. 11). It can be either funded defined benefit pension scheme or unfunded defined pension scheme whereby the benefits are paid up by the sponsor or the employee. The funded benefit pension scheme is dependent on the contribution from the plan members and the employer, as well others in the contribution to the pension scheme. A defined contribution pension scheme can be termed as an investment fund at retirement, and which depends on the level of contribution prior to the retirement. This depends on how much each contributor releases to the pension scheme and also on the money contributed in the investment after retirement. The contributions are invested in the stock market where it can succeed or fail. An example is the Australian superannuation system and the United States section 415, 401 limits among others. A defined benefit pension scheme growth is slow especially at the early years and tends to grow in the mid-work period. This leads to an increase in its costs to older employees as compared to the younger employees, aided by the flat accrual rate and also the decreasing period f or interest discounting as retirement period approaches (Redhead 2003, pg. 51). This therefore only favors the companies and not the younger people, making it unpopular among many people. This leads to the risk of spending a lot of cash and also gets a higher interest led by the time period as it is not funded by the government. The funding makes it to be risky and thus less trusted by most people as it may not be well funded in the future and may also be terminated. Defined contribution pension scheme is a better way or form of investing money as it is put in the stock exchange and through this it is possible to see how one’s portfolio grows. This leads to competition and through this the person or the company can increase its share values and also choose how to can invest. This is different in the defined benefit pension scheme as the amount or pension paid is not invested as the contribution is fixed. Contributions are also made annually or monthly causing them to get a lo wer retirement amount as compared to those in defined contribution pension schemes, and thus making people prefer contribution pension schemes over defined benefit pension schemes. Why Defined-contribution Pension Schemes are becoming more important Defined benefit pen

Ticks and the Lyme Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ticks and the Lyme Disease - Essay Example Lyme disease is one of the major disease transmitted by the tick, the tick however only acts as the agent and the main reservoir of the disease causing bacteria are rodents and birds, this disease is in sometime relatively difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are similar with those of other viral infections, however the unique symptom is the red rash that appears but may not appear in all individuals infected. Ticks have four developmental stages and this include the egg which develops into larva, the larva develops into a nymph and finally the nymph develops into an adult, in order to develop to the next stage a tick has to feed on blood, the nymph ticks have 6 legs but when they have grown to the last stage the number of legs increase to eight legs, the inability to jump or fly makes them wait for their host in areas where the host frequent. Therefore Ticks are mostly found in tall grass where they wait for their host, they attach to the host foot and climb up the host and find an appropriate spot where they attach themselves on the skin of the animal, for a few days they will feed on blood until they are full where they will drop off the animal. The disease is usually transmitted by ticks in the nymph stage, this is because the adult tick is easily detected and removed. Ticks that transmit the disease carry and transmit Borrelia bacteria. However the tick may also carry other parasites which cause the other tick borne diseases, The Borrelia bacteria have a life cycle and rodents and birds act as reservoirs of the bacteria, the rodent and bird feeding ticks will take a blood feed and transmit the bacterial to humans, as a result the ticks are only agents of the bacteria. This bacterium is susceptible to many antibiotics especially if treatment is delayed. Parts of the body they infect: Ticks will feed on a host, the tick will stick on the skin of a host and take a blood feed, this leads to a bacteria infection which passes on to the bloodstream of the host, a red spot appears at the point where the tick bites and this is due to the Borrelia bacteria infection. The Borrelia bacteria invade cultured cells which include Fibroblasts, Endothelium, Lymphocytes, Keratinocytes macrophages and neuronal cells. By hiding in these cells the bacteria is able to invade the immune system and therefore treatment with antibiotics becomes difficult. When treatment is delayed the bacteria causes a chronic infection because it evades the immune system. How illness is contracted: During the first stage of infection the red rash appears on the spot where the infection occurs, this rash becomes larger over time in some time other spots may appear in other parts of the body, weeks after infection the bacteria enters the blood stream and therefore the rashes may develop in other parts of the body, migrating muscle pains, joint pains may also be experienced as the infection spreads in other parts of the body. Changes in the heart beat may also be experienced and this may cause dizziness as infection spread. Symptoms: In the first stage a red rash appear on the bite site which is painless, however it is estimated that one